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Slovakia has a standard 23% rate and reduced rates of 19% and 5%; since January 2026 sweets, pastries and soft drinks go to 23%. Which VAT you charge.
Czechia applies a general 21 % and a single reduced 12 %; books are 0 %, and book shipping too. Which VAT you charge when selling from Spain.
Italy applies a 22% standard rate and three reduced rates: 10%, 5% and 4%. Which VAT you charge when selling from Spain and why Livigno is outside VAT.
Standard rate of 8.1%, reduced rate of 2.6% and special rate of 3.8%. And what matters when selling from Spain: customs and who pays import VAT.
Standard rate of 23%, reduced rates of 8% and 5%, and KSeF, mandatory in 2026 for Polish companies. And which VAT you charge when selling from Spain.
The Netherlands (Holland) applies a 21% standard rate and a 9% reduced rate; in 2026 hotel accommodation goes up to 21% and books do not. Which VAT you charge when selling from Spain.