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Slovenia applies a 22% standard rate, a 9.5% reduced rate and 5% on books. Since 2025, drinks with added sugar are taxed at 22%. Which VAT you charge.

Slovakia has a standard 23% rate and reduced rates of 19% and 5%; since January 2026 sweets, pastries and soft drinks go to 23%. Which VAT you charge.

Czechia applies a general 21 % and a single reduced 12 %; books are 0 %, and book shipping too. Which VAT you charge when selling from Spain.

Italy applies a 22% standard rate and three reduced rates: 10%, 5% and 4%. Which VAT you charge when selling from Spain and why Livigno is outside VAT.

Standard rate of 8.1%, reduced rate of 2.6% and special rate of 3.8%. And what matters when selling from Spain: customs and who pays import VAT.

Standard rate of 23%, reduced rates of 8% and 5%, and KSeF, mandatory in 2026 for Polish companies. And which VAT you charge when selling from Spain.